According to local legend, the settlement was named for a local river known as the Myrna Pilka, which dried up around the time of alleged 15th- and 16th-century settlement.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Myropillia had a population of nearly 20,000, but much of them either perished or left as a result of collectivisation, the Holodomor, and World War II.

[2] During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Myropillia's location five kilometres from the Russia–Ukraine border has led to significant problems for the village.

Village infrastructure has been repeatedly attacked by Russian forces, and, according to local activist Tetiana Nahulova, as much as 60% of the population has fled.

95.61% of respondents to the 2001 census in Myropillia stated that their native language was Ukrainian.