Precipitation is high, but there is a pronounced difference between the wetter summers and drier winters.

The average annual rainfall is 3,391.3 mm (133.52 in) with September as the wettest month.

As with all of Tokushima Prefecture, the area of Naka was part of ancient Awa Province.

The villages of Aioi (相生村) and Wajjiki (鷲敷村) were established within Naka District, Tokushima with the creation of the modern municipalities system on October 1, 1889.

Naka has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tokushima 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.