He rose to power in July 1875 when his father Khudayar fled uprisings in the Ferghana Valley.

On 22 September 1875, the Russian Lieutenant General von Kaufmann forced Nasreddin Khan to sign a treaty in the city of Margilan, containing harsh conditions for the Khanate and a payment of 2 million rubles.

As a reaction, a Russian army under command of Mikhail Skobelev attacked and defeated the rebels and ravaged large parts of the country, destroying Patia and the city of Andijan, causing many casualties.

Nasrudin returned to Kokand as new Khan, but the Russians had already decided to dissolve and annex the Khanate.

The Khanate of Kokand was abolished on 19 February 1876, and the region annexed to Ferghana Oblast.