Nataniel Aguirre (Cochabamba, Bolivia, October 10, 1843 – Montevideo, Uruguay, September 11, 1888), was a Bolivian lawyer, diplomat, politician, writer, and historian.

The González Prada family, relatives of Aguirre on his mother's side, introduced him to intellectual and political circles in Peru.

That year he wrote a play called Visionarios y mártires, about two characters, the Peruvian patriots Manuel Ubalde and Gabriel Aguilar, who in 1805 had conceived in Cuzco the idea of independence of the homeland.

After the violent death of the dictator Agustín Morales, he participated in the Constituent Assembly of 1871, and joined in the debates between the unitarians, the encabezados led by Evaristo del Valle, and the federalists of Lucas Mendoza de la Tapia; after some hesitation, the tendency that appeared most just to Aguirre, were the ideas of the liberals.

He was the representative for Chapare Province (whose 1872 constitution he helped write), member of the President's Council of State Tomás Frías (1872), and prefect of Cochabamba (1879).