National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association

He modeled his plan off of pensions provided by the Federal government to former Union soldiers, and he persuaded his congressman, William James Connell (R-NE) to introduce the measure to the House of Representatives in 1890.

A native of Selma, Alabama, Vaughan believed that pensions to former slaves would provide increased economic vitality and stability to the New South.

A few years later, Dickerson and Callie House would launch their own pension and reparations movement by forming an organization led by and composed of African Americans.

The first annual convention of the National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association was held November 28 through December 1, 1898, in Nashville, Tennessee, at Gay Street Christian Church.

Callie House was imprisoned in 1918, and this effectively ended the legislative efforts of the National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association.