The program is a joint federal, state and territory government initiative that funds all vaccinations on the schedule for all people eligible for Medicare.

[12] The Australian Immunisation Handbook (AIH) is the national clinical guideline that sets out vaccination recommendations, based on scientific research such randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses.

[17] All vaccinations administered or medical exemptions in Australia must be reported by the clinician to the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR), linked to the child's Medicare registration.

When parents or guardians apply to Services Australia to receive either payment, they must provide the Medicare details of the child.

All states and territories either allow or require providers or public health physicians to exclude unvaccinated children if there is an outbreak of NIP vaccine-preventable diseases.

[17] For both federal and state and territory requirements, approved exemptions can be issued by qualified general practice doctors, paediatricians, public health or infectious disease physicians, or clinical immunologists.