[2] As part of its multilingual, multi-ethnic focus, it holds a large collection of local works in Taiwanese, Japanese, Mandarin and Classical Chinese.

After administrative coordination and advocacy by scholars, the National Museum of Taiwan Literature was established and opened in 2003.

[3] In 2007, it was established as a fourth-level central administrative agency and officially named the National Museum of Taiwan Literature.

Parts of the historic building, the original Tainan Prefectural Hall, were completely destroyed by incendiary bombs fired by US forces during World War II.

After the war, it underwent minor repairs, first serving as the Air Force Supply Command Headquarters and then becoming the Tainan City Government Hall.