The creation of these territories has been a major goal of Bolivian indigenous movements and a political initiative pursued by both neoliberal and indigenous-identified national governments.
This march demanded the recognition of four indigenous territories, which was granted through Supreme Decrees issued on 24 September 1990.
Responsibility for verifying and awarding title fell to the National Institute of Agrarian Reform.
[4] In the 2009 Constitution, Native Community Lands reappear as Indigenous Originary Campesino Territories in Article 403.
[5] A study by the Fundación Tierra found that while the Morales government has significantly advanced titling of Native Community Lands, it has resisted ensuring the constitution rights of TCO residents over the management of their territories and resources.