1B/1F/1I (Operational)1A/1C/1D/1E/1G/1H (Clock failure, short-message services only, launch failure)01/02 (Operational)Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation; also, nāvik 'sailor' or 'navigator' in Indian languages),[2] is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services.

NavIC-based trackers are compulsory on commercial vehicles in India[14][15] and some consumer mobile phones with support for it have been available since the first half of 2020.

[25] A network of 21 ranging stations located across the country will provide data for the orbital determination of the satellites and monitoring of the navigation signal.

[9][27][28] The necessity for two replacement satellites, and PSLV-XL launches, has altered the original budget, with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India reporting costs (as of March 2017) of ₹22.46 billion (US$260 million).

[1] India's Department of Space in their 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) (2012–17) stated increasing the number of satellites in the constellation from 7 to 11 to extend coverage.

[14][15] In December 2019, the United States Congress consented to designate NaVIC as one of their allied navigational satellite systems along with Galileo (Europe) and QZSS (Japan).

The proposal was put forward by United States Secretary of Defense in consultation with Director of National Intelligence.

[35][36] In 2017, it was announced that all three SpectraTime supplied rubidium atomic clocks on board IRNSS-1A had failed, mirroring similar failures in the European Union's Galileo constellation.

[45][46] In order to reduce the dependency on imported frequency standards ISRO's Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad had been working on domestically designed and developed Rubidium based atomic clocks.

[51] In accordance with the range requirements for NavIC for both military and commercial applications, Defence Research and Development Organisation, through the Technology Development Fund scheme, has commissioned Accord Software and Systems, to build a tailored and flexible IRNSS Network Timing system domestically.

The Qualcomm location suite, supports up to seven satellite constellations simultaneously and allows for faster Time to First Fix (TTFF) position acquisition for enhanced location-based services.

Three of the seven satellites are located in geostationary orbit (GEO) at longitudes 32.5° E, 83° E, and 131.5° E, approximately 36,000 km (22,000 mi) above Earth's surface.

The ground segment comprises:[72] The IRSCF is operational at Master Control Facility (MCF), Hassan and Bhopal.

The IRNWT has been established and is providing IRNSS system time with an accuracy of 2 ns (2.0×10−9 s) (2 sigma) with respect to UTC.

As of March 2021, ISRO and JAXA are performing calibration and validation experiments for NavIC ground reference station in Japan.

[81] ISRO is planning a NavIC ground station at Cocos (Keeling) Islands and is in talks with the Australian Space Agency.

The satellites would weigh approximately 1,330 kg (2,930 lb) and their solar panels generate 1,400 W. A messaging interface is embedded in the NavIC system.

[84] The Standard Positioning Service system is intended to provide an absolute position accuracy of about 5 to 10 metres throughout the Indian landmass and an accuracy of about 20 metres (66 ft) in the Indian Ocean as well as a region extending approximately 1,500 km (930 mi) around India.

)[50][89][90][91] This introduction of the new L1 band will help facilitate NavIC proliferation in wearable smart and IoT devices featuring a low power navigation system.

[92][75][93] ISRO has plans for a total of 7 NVS series satellites (including already launched NVS-1) for civilian navigation requirements.

As of 2013[update], the statutory filing for frequency spectrum of GINS satellite orbits in international space, has been completed.

[96] As per new 2021 draft policy,[97] ISRO and Department of Space (DoS) is working on expanding the coverage of NavIC from regional to global that will be independent of other such system currently operational namely GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo while remaining interoperable and free for global public use.

[98] ISRO has proposed to Government of India to expand the constellation for global coverage by initially placing twelve satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO).