[3] Nazareth is located in eastern Castro County on the high plains of the Llano Estacado at 34°32′39″N 102°06′10″W / 34.54417°N 102.10278°W / 34.54417; -102.10278.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Nazareth has a total area of 0.36 square miles (0.94 km2), all land.

[3] The town of Nazareth was established through the efforts of a Catholic priest, Joseph Reisdorff, who moved to the site in 1902 with four farmers interested in purchasing land in the area.

Father Reisdorff named his colony after the biblical Nazareth and advertised for settlers in several midwestern German Catholic newspapers.

A post office was established in 1903, and later that year the Catholic community finished building its first church.

The population fluctuated during the 1950s and 1960, dropping to about 75 in 1955, then rising to an estimated 275 by 1964; the census found 274 people living in the town in 1970 and 299 in 1980.

As late as the mid-1980s about 85 percent of the town's residents were Catholics, and church activities helped to bond the community together.

The Nazareth Swiftettes basketball team have won 25 state championships in a 47-year span (1977–2023), a current public school national record.