Systems may have a single or multiple queues in which case each may hold the packets of one flow, classification, or priority.
Each of these provides specific reordering or dropping of network packets inside various transmit or receive buffers.
[5] Examples of algorithms suitable for managing network traffic include: Several of the above have been implemented as Linux kernel modules[13][14] and are freely available.
Bufferbloat can be addressed by a network scheduler that strategically discards packets to avoid an unnecessarily high buffering backlog.
The packet scheduler is configured using the utility called tc (short for traffic control).
[17] These can be compiled using the LLVM eBPF backend and loaded into a running kernel using the tc utility.
Advanced implementations increasingly leverage artificial intelligence to address the complexities of modern network configurations.
This approach reduces computational complexity while optimizing latency, throughput, and resource allocation, making it a promising solution for beyond-5G networks.