It included the territory of present-day Venezuelan states Sucre, Anzoátegui and Monagas.
Its provincial capital, Cumaná, was refounded in 1569 by explorer Diego Hernández de Serpa.
The Province originally comprised what is now eastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and far northern Brazil.
For most of its existence, the Royal Audience of Santo Domingo oversaw its administrative and judicial matters.
In the late 18th century, it was incorporated into the newly created Captaincy General of Venezuela.