[2][3] Schlotterbeck debuted for SC Freiburg on 9 March 2019, coming on as a half-time substitute for Philipp Lienhart in the 2–1 home win against Hertha BSC.

In the 2023–24 season, he achieved the highest tackling success rate in the Bundesliga at 71%, in addition to winning possession over 240 times, he also played a crucial role in his club's qualification to the Champions League final alongside fellow centre-back Mats Hummels.

[9] Schlotterbeck got his debut call-up to the Germany national team under coach Hansi Flick for FIFA World Cup qualification in September 2021.

[14] His older brother, Keven, is a professional footballer who plays for Bavarian side FC Augsburg.

[15] Schlotterbeck's cousin, Sandrine, appeared on the seventh series of the German edition of Love Island in 2022.