His father, Yevgeny, worked at the locomotive repair plant in Michurinsk, and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

He graduated from the Kharkov Guards Higher Tank Command School named after the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR in 1973, and the Malinovsky Military Armored Forces Academy in 1980.

After graduating from the academy in 1980, he was appointed to the 20th Guards Motorized Rifle Carpathian-Berlin Division of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, as the chief of staff of the 1st Guards Tank Chertkovsk Regiment named after Marshal of Armored Forces Katukov.

Rogozhkin graduated the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1995.

On 23 February 2007 by the decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Rogozhkin was awarded the military rank of General of the Army.

Commenting on the forest fires in Siberia in April 2015, Rogozhkin made unfounded allegations that they could have been started by saboteurs consisting of organized opposition groups.

He is the organizer and curator of a traditional hockey tournament, which has been held for several years in a row in the Michurinsk District.

He was candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (2004, dissertation "Formation of the readiness of future officers for management activities").