Nikolsk (Russian: Нико́льск) is a town and the administrative center of Nikolsky District in Penza Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyrgan River 120 kilometers (75 mi) northeast of Penza, the administrative center of the oblast.

[9] It was established in place of the villages of Nikolskoye (Нико́льское), known since 1668, and Pestrovka (Пестровка), known since the 1680s.

It was called Nikolo-Pestrovka (Нико́ло-Пестровка) in 1761 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1928.

[citation needed] It was granted town status in 1954.

[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Nikolsk is incorporated within Nikolsky Municipal District as Nikolsk Urban Settlement.