Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent

A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain.

[1][2][3][4][5] Examples of NDRAs include phenethylamine, tyramine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, cathine, cathinone, methcathinone, phentermine, phenmetrazine, aminorex, and benzylpiperazine.

[1][2][5][3] NDRAs have psychostimulant effects and are used to treat medical conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), binge eating disorder, obesity, narcolepsy, and for other indications.

[3][1][2] They are also used to increase motivation[6][7] and to enhance performance.

[8][9][10] A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), for instance bupropion, methylphenidate, and nomifensine.