Nuclear atypia

Nuclear atypia refers to abnormal appearance of cell nuclei.

Atypical nuclei are often pleomorphic.

Nuclear atypia can be seen in reactive changes, pre-neoplastic changes and malignancy.

Severe nuclear atypia is, in most cases, considered an indicator of malignancy.

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Micrograph showing extreme nuclear atypia in cancer ( glioblastoma ). Brain biopsy . HPS stain .

Cytopathology of reactive urothelial changes, Pap stain , showing urothelial cells with enlarged nuclei but a nucleus-cytoplasm ratio of less than 0.5. There are bacteria, as well as an inflammatory response of neutrophils , providing a cause for the changes.