Nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).

Nucleoporins, a family of around 30 proteins, are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells.

The ring consists of eight scaffold sub-complexes, with two structural layers of COPII-like coating sandwiching some proteins that line the pore.

[4] In a scaffold subcomplex, both the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm rings are made up of Y-complexes, a protein complex built out of, among others, NUP133 and NUP107.

[4] The relationship of the membrane curvature of a nuclear pore with Y-complexes can be seen as analogous to the budding formation of a COPII coated vesicle.

Named after phenylalanine and glycine, FG repeats are small hydrophobic segments that break up long stretches of hydrophilic amino acids.

[6] They form a mass of chains which allow smaller molecules to diffuse through, but exclude large hydrophilic macromolecules.

FG nucleoporins also contain a globular portion that serves as an anchor for attachment to the nuclear pore complex.

[9] All living eukaryotes share many important components of the NPC, indicating that a complete complex is present in their common ancestor.

[13] Depending on their function, certain nucleoporins are localized to either the cytosolic or nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex.

It has been recently shown that FG nucleoporins have specific evolutionary conserved features encoded in their sequences that provide insight into how they regulate the transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex.

Karyopherins and their cargo are passed between FG repeats until they diffuse down their concentration gradient and through the nuclear pore complex.

[2] Autoimmune conditions such as anti-p62 antibodies, which inhibit p62 complexes have links to primary biliary cirrhosis which destroys the bile ducts of the liver.

[17] Increased expression of the NUP88 gene, which encodes for nucleoporin 88, is commonly found in precancerous dysplasias and malignant neoplasms.