Ocellularia vulcanisorediata was described as a novel species by lichenologists Joel Mercado-Díaz, Robert Lücking, and Sittiporn Parnmen in 2014.

The lichen forms a continuous thallus, with a surface that ranges from smooth to uneven and exhibits a light greyish-green colour.

The soralia, reminiscent of miniature volcanoes, are dispersed regularly across the thallus and are absent from the paratype specimen.

[2] Internally, the thallus is layered with a thick prosoplectenchymatous cortex, a photobiont layer heavily encrusted with small, grey crystals, and an indistinct medulla devoid of clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, except when bordering the ascomata.

It was found growing on a young, unidentified tree in conditions that ranged from shaded to partly illuminated.