Off-model

Any kind of visual art can be off-model, so long as it defies the conventions of an established design.

Consequently, art can be made off-model accidentally, due to skill or time constraints that may limit an artist's ability to accurately replicate a style.

John Kricfalusi has argued that off-model animation allows originality and can help a scene come to life, as strictly sticking to poses and expressions as dictated in model sheets can be too restricting.

This task may be outsourced to multiple individuals or studios, increasing the chances for the miscommunication of character, environment, or item design.

[2] Off-model work may also be the product of artists or cartoonists intending to parody another franchise but not wishing to incur a lawsuit or commit copyright infringement by drawing someone else's trademarked characters.