The eastern terminus of the state highway is at a T-intersection with State Route 101 approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Castalia.

State Route 412 runs exclusively within Sandusky County.

No portion of this route is incorporated in the National Highway System.

[2] Making its debut in 1969, State Route 412 was designated along what was formerly the portion of State Route 12 east of Fremont.

In that year, State Route 12 was truncated back to its new eastern terminus at its junction with State Route 53 southwest of Fremont, and consequently, State Route 412 was established.