The highway travels from its southern terminus at a T-intersection with SR 133 about 2.50 miles (4.02 km) northeast of Blanchester to its northern terminus at a signalized intersection with US 68 and SR 134 in Wilmington.

The NHS is a system of routes identified as being most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the country.

The highway has maintained the same routing between SR 133 near Blanchester and the US 68/SR 134 concurrency in Wilmington throughout its lifespan.

When it was established, SR 730 was a gravel highway, excepting the northernmost 3 miles (4.8 km) of the route, which were hard-surfaced.

[2][3] Three years after its inception, the entire length of SR 730 was paved.