[1] The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence, but it is only distinguished from the accusative in the masculine plural and the feminine singular, excluding the i-declension.
In addition, it is infrequently used to denote the goal of a motion (its original meaning), but this is more typically shown by using the preposition къ (kъ) followed by the dative.
Due to more frequent use of locatives of place in Old Russian and Old Czech, it is possible that this rarity is caused by Old Church Slavonic following Greek syntax.
[21] The locative is also used as the object of a small number of verbs; as this construction is extremely rare in other Slavic languages it is most likely an archaic form.
Due to this case's consistent use in translations from Greek, in which the vocative is often identical to the nominative, it is clear that it was productive part of the spoken language.
[22] Nouns belonging to this declension class are generally masculines ending in -ъ in the nominative singular (богъ, градъ, родъ).
Nouns with the suffix анинъ/ꙗнинъ (-(j)an-in-ъ), for example гражданинъ, also belong to this declension class in the singular, but in the plural they lose the -in- interfix and conform to the consonantal paradigm (гражданє graždane, гражданъ graždanъ, гражданьмъ graždanьmъ, гражданꙑ graždany, гражданє graždane, гражданьхъ graždanьxъ, гражданꙑ graždany).
Nouns belonging to this declension class are neuters ending in -o in the nominative singular (сєло, лѣто, мѣсто).
Nouns belonging to this declension class are masculines ending in -ь preceded by a palatal in the nominative singular (врачь, крал҄ь, кошь).
This paradigm encompasses nouns such as краи (krai) that don't appear to be ending in a palatal, but are in fact underlyingly combinations like krajь and so undergo this declension (*край-ь kraj-ь, краꙗ kraj-a).
Nouns ending in agentive suffixes -tel-ь and -ar-ь also belong to this class (ꙋчитєл҄ь: učitelь, učitelja, učitelju..., мꙑтарь: mytarь, mytarja, mytarju...).
Nouns belonging to this declension class are feminines ending in -a preceded by a hard, non-palatal consonant (жєна).
Noun belonging to this declension class are feminines ending in -a preceded by a soft, palatal consonant (стража, свѣща, мрєжа).
Nouns belonging to this declension class are masculines ending in -ь preceded by a hard, non-palatal consonant (чрьвь, господь, пѫть).
Nouns belonging to this declension are a rather small group of masculines: чинъ, домъ, лєдъ, мєдъ, миръ, полъ, санъ, сꙑнъ, волъ, врьхъ.
Nouns belonging to this declension class are the following masculines: дьнь, ѥлꙑ, ѩчьмꙑ, камꙑ, корꙑ, пламꙑ, рємꙑ, сѧжєнь, стєпєнь.
Nouns belonging to this declension class are the following neuters: брѣмѧ, чисмѧ, имѧ, писмѧ, плємѧ, сѣмѧ, слѣмѧ, тѣмѧ, врѣмѧ.
Nouns belonging to this declension class are the following neuters: чꙋдо, диво, дрѣво, коло, нєбо, тѣло, слово, as well as the dual forms of ꙋхо, око.
The t-stem (also known as nt-stem) paradigm encompasses neuters denoting a young of an animal or human: отрочѧ, агнѧ, коꙁьлѧ, клюшѧ, осьлѧ, овьчѧ, тєлѧ, жрѣбѧ, etc.
In the East South Slavic dialectal area where OCS originated, a suppletive nominative singular stem of the demonstrative tъ ('that') is used, elsewhere onъ ('that one there, yon'), or very rarely sь ('this').
By attaching the enclitic particle že to the forms of *i one obtains the relative pronoun: iže ('he who'), ježe ('the (female) one to whom'), jejuže ('the two of whom'), etc.
When following prepositions, these pronouns take a prothetic n-, hence kъ n'imъ ('to them') instead of *imъ, na n'emь ('on him'), etc.
A prepositions may come between prefix and base word: OCS adjectives can be in two forms: short and long, corresponding to indefinite and definite meaning respectively.
Indefinite adjectives are inflected as the corresponding nouns of the primary declension, e.g., novъ as rabъ, nova as žena, novo as selo, ništь as vračь, ništa as duša, nište as polje.
In the first person singular one finds the processes of iotation (k/c + j > č, g/z + j > ž, x/s + j > š, l + j > lj, n + j > nj, t + j > št, d + j > žd) and epenthesis (bj > blj, pj > plj, mj > mlj, vj > vlj): 3.
The athematic verbs byti, dati, věděti, iměti and jasti form the present tense irregularly: One should distinguish the verbs iměti (imamь, imaši, imatъ), imati (jemljǫ, jemleši, jemletъ) and jęti (imǫ, imeši, imetъ).
An illustrating example is in Chernorizets Hrabar's famous work O pismenex "An Account of Letters": Some forms exhibit sound changes, namely palatalization or iotation in front of ě, yat thus turning into a.
can also form the past passive participle like the verbs in the first group: bitъ or bijenъ, vitъ or vijenъ etc.).
The pluperfect can be formed in multiple ways, by combining the l-participle with the perfect, imperfect or aorist formation of the auxiliary verb byti.
heritage: The secondary prepositions are derived from adverbial expressions: vьslědъ from vь slědъ, prěžde is a comparative form of prědъ etc.