Solovetsky Islands, which are the largest and the most famous, are located on the entrance to the bay and separate it from the main body of the White Sea.
Along the west coast, there are hundreds of small islands (Russian: луда, luda's).
On the west coast of the bay there are the town of Belomorsk and the outlet of the White Sea–Baltic Canal.
The Onega Bay coast was populated by Russians (Novgorodians, of whom the pomors are the descendants) not later than in the 12th century.
There are also regular but infrequent passenger connections between Arkhangelsk and the villages of the Onega Peninsula.