Oregon's 4th congressional district represents the southern half of Oregon's coastal counties, including Coos, Curry, Lincoln, Lane, and Benton counties, alongside the northwestern half of Douglas County and a sliver of Linn County.

It is centered around the state's two college towns, Eugene and Corvallis, homes to the University of Oregon and Oregon State University, respectively.

Politically, the district leans slightly Democratic, due to the presence of Lane and Benton counties, home to over half the district's population.

Contrariwise, Douglas County is heavily Republican, as are to a lesser extent Coos and Curry.

The district has been represented by Democrat Val Hoyle since 2023.