"[1] In control theory, overshoot refers to an output exceeding its final, steady-state value.
A circuit is designed to minimize rise time while containing distortion of the signal within acceptable limits.
This can be interpreted as convolution with the sinc function; in signal processing terms, this is a low-pass filter.
In signal processing, overshoot is when the output of a filter has a higher maximum value than the input, specifically for the step response, and frequently yields the related phenomenon of ringing artifacts.
Overshoot is often undesirable, particularly if it causes clipping, but is sometimes desirable in image sharpening, due to increasing acutance (perceived sharpness).
In ecology, overshoot is the analogous concept, where a population exceeds the carrying capacity of a system.