It is situated between the major metropolises of Binghamton to the south and Syracuse to the north and Oneonta to the east and Cortland to the west.

The former Chenango Canal passed through the village, connecting the community to Utica and Binghamton.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.6 km2) all land.

Between 2020 and 2021 the population of Oxford, NY declined from 1,422 to 1,392, a −2.11% decrease and its median household income grew from $39,886 to $43,864, a 9.97% increase.

Most people in Oxford, NY drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 19.7 minutes.