The Palazzo Hercolani or Ercolani is a large Rococo or Neoclassic-style palace in Strada Maggiore in central Bologna, which now serves as the offices for the Political Science Department (Facoltà di Scienze Politiche) of the University of Bologna.

The palace we see today was commissioned in 1785 by aristocrat Filippo Hercolani; the architect was Angelo Venturoli.

On the first floor is a room frescoed likely by Pedrini with scenes dedicated to Fame and the Human Genius depicting Homer, Pindar, Hesiod and Democritus.

Other rooms bear decorations and paintings by Giovanni Battista Frulli, Luigi Busatti, Antonio Basoli, Gaetano Caponeri, Flaminio Minozzi, Vincenzo Martinelli and other artists.

Both overlook the garden of the Palazzo, which in its heyday contained a "magnificent large garden, part French and part English, adorned with factories, small mountains".