Paratransgenesis
Preventive methods and current controls against vector-borne diseases depend on insecticides,[1] even though some mosquito breeds may be resistant to them.
The strategy was to engineer R. rhodnii to express proteins such as Cecropin A that are toxic to T. cruzi or that block the transmission of T.
This study focuses on the experiments with tsetse flies and trypanosomes, which cause sleeping sickness in Subsaharan Africa.
In this case, paratransgenesis was used to create trypanocides which stop the transmission of trypanosomes in the tsetse fly vector.
“The development of innovative control measures is an imperative to reduce malaria transmission.”[9] In this study, it was found that when using paratransgenesis of Asaia (gfp) in these mosquitoes, there was a lower chance of the disease.
A study done in 2012 found that using lactic acid bacteria could improve or help with honey bee’s health and digestion.
The scientists wanted to see if maintaining the microbiome in the insect model’s guts would work to keep the bees and the entire colony healthy.
Experiments have shown that the spread through mosquito populations is resistant to parasites engineered through symbiotic bacterium Serratia AS1.
Major concerns of regulators for the release of such engineered bacteria into the field shows there were zero options for “recall”.
[11] “Paratransgenesis is the genetically modified symbiotic organisms that block pathogen development or transmission by vectors using expressing molecules”.
aegypti[12] symbiotic viruses using bacteria symbionts blood-sucking,[3] tsetse flies[13] and mosquitoes.
[13] Vertical transmission has GFP-transformed (recSodalis) that was detected in 9 out of 12 F1 offspring and eight out of 12 F2 descendents, which has transformed symbiont to be spread across tsetse populations.
There are no effects on insect hosts and are capable of being transmitted vertically (via trans-ovarian transmission) or laterally (due to feeding habits) when it comes to symbionts.
[22] Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is an illness that affects many individuals in sub-Saharan Africa.
