Paul Tholey (14 March 1937 – 7 December 1998) was a German Gestalt psychologist, and a professor of psychology and sports science at the University of Frankfurt and the Technical University of Braunschweig.
Tholey started the study of oneirology in an attempt to prove that dreams occur in color.
Given the unreliability of dream memories and following the critical realism approach, he used lucid dreaming as an epistemological tool for investigating dreams, in a similar fashion to Stephen LaBerge.
Tholey's research included the examination of the cognitive abilities of dreamers, as well as the cognitive abilities of dream figures.
Dream figures who agreed to perform the tasks proved more successful in verbal than in arithmetic tasks.