Some of the smaller islands to the south of Peleng which were formerly part of the Banggai Islands Regency were removed in 2013 to form a separate Banggai Laut Regency; these comprise Banggai Island itself, Bowokan, Labobo, Kebongan, Kotudan, Tropettenando, Timpau, Salue Besar, Salue Kecil, Masepe, and Bangkulu.

In January 2020 an article published in the journal Science documented the discovery of two new bird species and one subspecies that were found in the mountains of Peleng.

[2] These are the species Peleng fantail (Rhipidura habibiei), a subspecies of the mountain tailorbird (Phyllergates cucullatus relictus) and a subspecies of the island leaf warbler (Phylloscopus poliocephalus suaramerdu).

[3] The majority of people on this Peleng Island make their living planting coconuts, sweet potatoes, or fishing.

The island's largest towns are Basiano and Bonganang.