Peltula polyphylla is a ground-dwelling, squamulose lichen species in the family Peltulaceae,[2] characterised by its distinctive multi-lobed (polyphyllous) structure.

The species was introduced to science in 2022 by Qiuxia Yang and Xinli Wei, based on a specimen collected in Beijing, China.

The holotype was collected in the Bamuyan village, behind Xishanhong Inn in Mentougou District, Beijing.

[1] The thallus of Peltula polyphylla is terricolous, meaning it grows on the ground, and is polyphyllous, consisting of many small lobes each up to 0.9 mm in diameter.

[1] Reproductive structures are infrequent, with each lobe typically bearing a single apothecium that is up to 0.55 mm in diameter.