Peter Heinrich Schwartze (born 23 May 1931 in Bad Salzuflen) is a German neurophysiologist, systems scientist and cyberneticist well known in the ex-German Democratic Republic.

Schwartze graduated the medical university in Leipzig, Germany, in 1957 and specialized in neurophysiology.

He became Doctor Habilitatus of the University Leipzig, Germany in 1968 and Professor of Pathophysiology in 1978 and served as the Director of the Carl Ludwig Institute of Physiology between 1980 and 1992 as successor of Hans Drischel.

Prof. Schwartze also served as member of the East German Parliament between 1980 and 1990, in the Cultural Association fraction.

He published hundreds of scientific reports (mostly in German journals) and a number of scientific and text books on issues of brain development,[2][3] vestibulo-ocular reflexes and cybernetics.