Phosphorylation cascade

A signaling pathway begins at the cell surface where a hormone or protein binds to a receptor at the extracellular matrix.

These enzymes activate secondary messengers, which leads to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins.

The end product of a phosphorylation cascade is the changes occurring inside the cell.

[1] MAP kinase not only plays an important function during growth of cell in the M phase phosphorylation cascade but also plays an important role during the sequence of signaling pathway.

[2] In order to regulate its functions so it does not cause chaos, it can only be active when both tyrosine and threonine/serine residues are phosphorylated.