It protects an area of cerrado that includes the highest peak in the region, the 1,385 metres (4,544 ft) Pico dos Pireneus, on the watershed between the Plata and Tocantins river basins.

[1] The park holds cerrado rupestre vegetation, which grows on rocks and includes endemic species of cacti, orchids and bromeliads.

[3] A group of scientists who were demarcating the quadrilateral of the federal district of Brasília measured the altitude and coordinates of the Pico dos Pireneus on 8 August 1892.

[3] The Pireneus State Park was created by law 10.321 of 20 November 1987 in the municipality of Pirenópolis, covering the area of the Picos de Pirineus, its mountains and slopes.

Hunting, fishing, fires and the use of alcohol are prohibited, and visitors must not collect specimens of flora, fauna or rocks, or cause any damage to the environment.

The main attractions are the Pico dos Pireneus, the highest point in the region, the rock formations near the Morro Cabeludo, which are used by climbers, the Pocinhos do Sonrisal and the trails that are used by ecotourists.