Plato's theory of soul
Plato's theory of the soul, which was inspired variously by the teachings of Socrates, considered the psyche (Ancient Greek: ψῡχή, romanized: psūkhḗ) to be the essence of a person, being that which decides how people behave.
[2][3] Plato was the first known person in the history of western philosophy to believe that the soul was both the source of life and the mind.
First of all, in the Republic:Is there any function of the soul that you could not accomplish with anything else, such as taking care of something (epimeleisthai), ruling, deliberating, and other such things?
[5]The Phaedo most famously caused problems for scholars who were trying to understand this aspect of Plato's theory of the soul.
Accordingly, the Phaedo presents a real challenge to commentators because Plato oscillates between different conceptions of the soul.
The function of the thymoeides is to obey the directions of the logistikon while ferociously defending the whole from external invasion and internal disorder.
[11] Injustice (ἀδικία, adikia) is the contrary state of the whole, often taking the specific form in which the spirited are obedient to the appetitive while they together either ignore the logical entirely or employ it in their pursuits of pleasure.
[13][14] The logical or logistikon (from logos) is the thinking part of the soul, which loves the truth and seeks to learn it.
[16] According to Plato, the spirited or thymoeides (from thymos) is part of the soul by which we are angry or get into a temper.
He believed the human prize for the virtuous or the punishment for the guilty were not placed in different parts of the underworld but directly on Earth.
After death, a guilty soul would be re-embodied first in a woman (in accordance with Plato's belief that women occupied a lower level of the natural scale), and then in an animal species, descending from quadrupeds down to snakes and fish.
According to this theory, women and the lower animals were created only in order to provide a habitat for degraded souls.
