Poly(p-phenylene)

The synthesis of PPP has proven challenging, but has been accomplished through excess polycondensation with the Suzuki coupling method.

[1][2] Early efforts typically produced black, insoluble powders that were difficult to characterize.

(1960), 47, 45) Initially, the chemical and thermal stability of the material drove interest in its synthesis.

It was used in rocket nozzles and some fabrics requiring high thermal stability.

Oxidation or the use of dopants is used to convert the non-conductive form to a semiconductor.