Pompey is a town in the southeast part of Onondaga County, New York, United States.

[3] The town was named after the Roman general and political leader Pompey by a late 18th-century clerk interested in the Classics in the new federal republic.

After the American Revolutionary War, when most of the Iroquois were forced to cede their land to the victorious United States, many of the Onondaga migrated to Canada.

The town was first settled by outsiders around 1789, as Yankees from New England and other migrants moved into western New York.

The hamlet of Pompey developed about 10.5 miles (17 km) south of the main east-west Native American trail across the state, used for generations.

European-American settlers improved the trail and developed it as the Genesee Road (1794) and then the Seneca Turnpike (1800), running through the villages of Cazenovia, Manlius and Onondaga Hollow (south of Syracuse).

The 1820 discovery of the Pompey stone was understood as proof of early European presence in North America, but it was decades later identified as a hoax.

22 Schoolhouse and Drover's Tavern at Oran are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.