It subsequently died out in most of the country, but was creolized forming Australian Kriol in the Northern Territory at the Roper River Mission in Ngukurr, where missionaries provided a safe place for Indigenous Australians from the surrounding areas to escape deprivation at the hands of European settlers.
[2] By 1900 PJPE had developed into Northern Territory Pidgin English (NTPE) was widespread and well understood.
After the English settlers arrived at Port Jackson in January 1788, the lifestyles of the Aboriginal people in the Sydney area changed significantly.
As a result, the local ecosystem could no longer provide food for the Aboriginal people, and they became increasingly dependent on the settlers for imported goods.
Some Aboriginal people started to offer services to the settlers, including guidance and knowledge about the environment.
[1] The second factor was the actions the governor of the First Fleet, Arthur Philip, took to establish communication with Aboriginal people.
After fixing a permanent settlement site at Port Jackson, Philip gave official orders for establishing a stable cross-cultural communication with Aboriginal people despite their hostility towards the settlers.
However, due to the absence of a common language between the two communities, he failed to learn about the Aboriginal culture and history or maintain regular and friendly communication.
This privilege allowed him to become the head of the Aboriginal coterie, and he enjoyed social and material benefits from his friendship with Philip.
Furthermore, the significance of learning Aboriginal vernacular language decreased and was eventually replaced by the pidgin.
From the social aspect, some of the Aboriginal people became functioning members in the colony’s working class because of their knowledge of the land and labour.
In addition, with the information provided by the Aboriginal people, the settlers found building materials, and they built residences in water-rich and fertile areas.
In the settlement, Aboriginal people offered assistance with chopping wood, fishing and tracking escaped convicts.
It also contains different word classes, including pronouns, adverbs, adjectives and prepositions and uses the same subject–verb–object sentence structure as English.
For instance, main indicates the first-person singular possessive form in the pidgin, which is retrieved from the English word 'my'.
As the word contains lexical items from both languages, it is unique from specific numbers, which are borrowed solely from English.
In addition to directly borrowing from English, such as teik, retrieved from 'take', there are two more ways by which verbs are created.
Another interesting aspect to explore in the verbs in Port Jackson Pidgin English is transitivity.
[1] Port Jackson Pidgin English was the main means of communication between the settlers and the Aboriginal people in early colonial times.