A power vacuum can also occur after a constitutional crisis in which large portions of the government resign or are removed, creating unclear succession.
[4] However, in 1433, the Chinese government withdrew their treasure fleet and thus left a large void within the Indian Ocean.
[4] In 2003, when the United States led a coalition to oust Saddam Hussein in the Iraq War, the absence of an all-out Iraqi opposition force at war with government forces meant that once the Ba'ath Party was removed, no local figures were on hand to immediately assume the now vacant administerial posts.
[5] In other western-led interventions such as in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011) where the initial claim of justification in each case was a humanitarian matter, there had been active opposition fighting on the ground to oust the relevant governments (in the case of Kosovo, this meant removal of state forces from the desired territory rather than ousting the government itself).
The ongoing war in Sudan is an example of a power vacuum in the aftermath of the Sudanese revolution.