Semiconductor process engineers face the unique challenge of transforming raw materials into high-tech devices.
Common semiconductor devices include Integrated Circuits (ICs), Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and solid-state lasers.
Other examples include the ion implantation of dopant species to tailor the electrical properties of a semiconductor chip and the electrochemical deposition of metallic interconnects (e.g. electroplating).
This definition requires a process description to include the Constraints, Products, Resources, Input Elements and Transformations.
Among the resources, note the specificity of the Resource-Time component which passes inexorably and irreversibly, with problems of synchronization and sequencing.