As a colony-forming choanoflagellate, Proterospongia is of interest to scientists studying the mechanisms of intercellular signaling and adhesion present before animals appeared.

[3][4] The arrangement of organelles in Proterospongia appears consistent with other choanoflagellates and is characterized by an anterior dictyosome under the flagellar base, a central nucleus, peripheral mitochondria and a posterior food vacuole.

[3][4] As a member of the Codonosigidae family, Proterospongia have only a fine investment that is indistinct by light microscopy or completely lack an outer-covering.

[3][4] Proterospongia species are distinguished by colony morphology, which vary from simple chains of cells to striking astral assemblages.

[5] Colonies having extracellular jelly or mucilage have been described by Kent, Lackey, and Leadbeater; however the composition of this substance is unknown.