The specific name fluorescens refers to the microbe's secretion of a soluble fluorescent pigment called pyoverdin, which is a type of siderophore.
[11] The P. fluorescens relaxed evolutionary group that was defined by Nikolaidis et al.[3] on the basis of the genus phylogenomic tree, comprised 96 genomes and displayed high levels of phylogenetic heterogeneity.
[13] Some P. fluorescens strains (CHA0 or Pf-5, for example) present biocontrol properties, protecting the roots of some plant species against parasitic fungi such as Fusarium or the oomycete Pythium, as well as some phytophagous nematodes.
Of these genes, phlD encodes a type III polyketide synthase, representing the key biosynthetic factor for 2,4-DAPG production.
[19] Following ingestion of the bacterial cells mussel death occurs following lysis and necrosis of the digestive gland and sloughing of stomach epithelium.
[23] Mupirocin free acid and its salts and esters are agents currently used in creams, ointments, and sprays as a treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.
These studies are significant as they identify P. fluorescens from lung biopsy specimens, providing insights into its pathogenic potential and informing treatment strategies based on antibiotic susceptibility testing.
A study has shown that biostimulation and bioaugmentation with P. fluorescens can significantly contribute to the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil.
[31] Further research has explored the biofilm-forming and denitrification capabilities of Pseudomonas species, including P. fluorescens, in eutrophic waters.
The ability to form biofilms and produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) enhances the bioremediation potential of these bacteria.
Specifically, strains that exhibit strong biofilm-forming and EPS production capabilities show higher nitrate removing capacity, which is crucial for combating water pollution.
[32] These findings underscore the importance of Pseudomonas fluorescens in environmental cleanup efforts and its potential application in treating oil-contaminated and nutrient-poor soils as well as nitrate-polluted water.
Recent studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling a variety of plant pathogens, including fungi, nematodes, and bacteria.
These metabolites not only inhibit the growth of pathogens but also induce systemic resistance in plants, enhancing their natural defense mechanisms.
[33] Moreover, the application of P. fluorescens as a biocontrol agent has been shown to be a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, promoting environmental health and reducing the ecological footprint of agricultural practices.
[34] The ongoing research in this field is focused on optimizing the use of P. fluorescens for biocontrol and understanding the underlying mechanisms that enable it to protect crops from diseases.
"Improvement of a dry formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e for fire blight disease biocontrol by combination of culture osmoadaptation with a freeze-drying lyoprotectant".