Quacking frog

The males tend to have larger arm girth and can adopt different mating strategies depending on size.

The genus is polymorphic, however, meaning there is great variation in colour and texture of the skin within each species.

[6] The Crinia georgiana is unique compared to other species in the same genus as the testis mass is significantly larger.

Due to the distinctiveness of Crinia georgiana, the other species within the group were organized as either C. signifera or C. insignifera.

The presence of vomerine teeth is one of the features used in the classification and differentiation of Crinia georgiana from other species.

[6] In addition, the quacking frog is known to live amongst vegetation or in habitats that result from the activity of humans such as agricultural lands and rural gardens where water is likely to be plentiful.

[12] It is estimated that there are more than 50,000 adults currently present with the population size remaining stable or increasing slightly.

[6] The quacking frog is listed as Least Concern in terms of its conservation status based on its distribution and presumably large population.

Its status is not currently determined to be threatened, though habitat loss due to human settlement and development along the coast of Western Australia may later pose a threat.

Fortunately, much of its range is coincidentally located in protected areas, which may alleviate the effects of this threat.

In general, the diet of a frog is largely made up of insects, although mites, snails, earthworms, spiders, and other small animals are also consumed.

Occasionally, grass, seeds, petals, and other vegetation will be found in the stomachs of frogs, but this is assumed to be accidental.

[14] Members of Crinia do have vomerine teeth, which are pairs of teeth-like plates on the roof of the mouth that slant inward, but they appear to be rather unimportant.

Additionally, the frogs adjusted the number of notes they produced based on the increase or reduction of the artificial stimuli that was presented.

This may be an indication that quacking frogs have a behavior that is meant to minimize the occurrence of call overlap.

Human movement in the areas where these frogs inhabit during the day or evening will result in the hiding males to respond with quacks.

[16] In the male quacking frog, there seems to be an interaction between the size and origin of the population that contributes to variation in the sperm characteristics; this variation indicates that certain males that have specific sperm characteristics within the population use different reproductive strategies.

This would indicate that there would be increased investment in testes mass and sperm production, which is supported by the density of males in choruses.

[2] Crinia georgiana breeds mainly in the winter months, from July to October, usually near granite outcrops, in shallow murky pools.

Lunar phasing also affects mating, with higher rates occurring around the full moon.

When a female arrives at a chorus, she seeks out the calling male by moving under their body, allowing for fertilization in inguinal amplexus.

Amplexus is a form of copulation in which the male grasps the female with his front legs while she lays her eggs and he simultaneously releases fluid containing sperm.

Often this drop is due to fights that arise when other males join in an existing act of copulation, reducing the likelihood of successful sperm transfer.

[20] Therefore, there is no benefit to polyandry in terms of offspring survival to offset the high cost of reduced fertilization success and occasional female mortality.

[21] It is thus unclear why polyandry is prevalent in this species, although it could possibly be due to males wanting to increase their chances of procreation with a limited number of females.

Group spawning also occurs at high densities when a male that has secured a calling site mates with a female and others then join in after.

[23] The mating, and thus the laying of eggs, occurs in seeps that are shallow and temporary and often dry up before tadpoles metamorphose (roughly 4–7 weeks).

[1] This results in unique adaptations, such as the development of Crinia Georgiana tadpoles in eggs that are very large relative to those of other species.

This indicates that the quacking frog has developed adaptations that allow for its survival in the dry climate of Western Australia.

Two male quacking frogs wrestling, with arms around each other.
Two male quacking frogs wrestling.