Quakers in science

They also at times faced similar discriminations in the United States, as many of the colonial universities had a Puritan or Anglican orientation.

This led them to attend "Godless" institutions or forced them to rely on hands-on scientific experimentation rather than academia.

Some sources, including Pendlehill (Thomas 2000) and Encyclopædia Britannica, indicate that for over two centuries they were overrepresented in the Royal Society.

Mention is made of this possibility in studies referenced in religiosity and intelligence and in a book by Arthur Raistrick.

[2] Together with Frederick Sanger (listed below), this means that three of the four individuals who as of 2023 have won two Nobel Prizes in science categories were raised by Quakers.