The river is connected by ditch to John's Pond in Mashpee, just north of today's Route 28.
During colonial times it was known for its abundant brook trout but was dammed in the mid-19th century for water power.
After the mills burned and the dam was breached, the valley was converted to cranberry cultivation in the early 20th century.
The land was purchased by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts beginning in the late 1950s, and Trout Unlimited and other organizations began to restore the river to trout-quality in the 1970s.
Today the river is an important migratory fish run for alewife and salter brook trout, home to herring and eels, and is Waquoit Bay's largest source of fresh water.