[2] As far as is known, there was no writing system in the Andes before the Spaniards' Conquest, so that it seems that Quechua languages were first written in some version of the Latin alphabet.
The latter used doubled letters to signal aspirated and ejective segments (such as ⟨pp, tt, cc, qqu⟩ for /pʰ, p', tʰ, t', kʰ, k', qʰ, q'/).
As much as normalized pastoral Quechua disappeared, new orthographic conventions were taken from Spanish renewed orthography or invented.
Quechua texts edited by non-Spanish Europeans such as Ernst Middendorf in the late 19th century introduced the use of ⟨k⟩ for uvular consonants /q, qʰ, q'/, which gained some popularity.
It was in the early 20th century that new holistic orthographical proposals appeared, such as Francisco Chukiwanka and Julián Palacios' 1914 alphabet and Julio C. Tello's 1923 orthography.