[2][3][4] One of the hospital's pioneers was Dr Sem Pringpuangkeo, who was director from 1951 to 1963 and oversaw the successful separation of conjoined twins Wandee and Sriwan, the country's first such case, in 1956.

[3] Rajavithi Hospital started providing medical education for students of the College of Medicine, Rangsit University since 1 June 1992.

Students in this group also study at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health as a teaching hospital.

[6] Rajavithi Hospital serves as the Department of Medical Services' largest tertiary referral centre, and is a major organ transplant facility.

[7][8] It also operates a large trauma unit, and its Narenthorn EMS Center, established in 1995, was the country's first emergency medical service provider.