Rape of males
[3][4] Community and service providers often react differently to male victims based on their sexual orientation and the gender of their perpetrators.
[5] It may be difficult for male victims to report a sexual assault they experienced, especially in a society with a strong masculine custom.
Eventually, the male victims may be very vague in explaining their injuries when they are seeking medical or mental health services.
The studies of sexual assault in correctional facilities focusing specifically on the consequences of this kind of rape were available in the early 1980s, but nothing was available during the previous years.
As a group, male rape victims reported a lack of services and support, and legal systems are often ill-equipped to deal with this type of crime.
[11] In the United Kingdom, epidemiological studies have suggested that the rate of male rape is higher in gay and college communities.
[17] A 2010–2012 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that one in 17 men (5.9%) reported being made to penetrate at some point in their lives[9] (up from 4.8% in 2010).
"[19] Male victims of sexual abuse by females[20] often face social, political, and legal double standards.
A similar case includes James Landrith, who was made to penetrate a female acquaintance in a hotel room while incapacitated from drinking, while his rapist cited the fact that she was pregnant to advise him not to struggle, as it might hurt the baby.
[23][24] Several widely publicized cases of female-on-male statutory rape in the United States involved school teachers having illegal sex with their underage students (see Mary Kay Letourneau and Debra Lafave).
There have also been cases where an underage male victim of statutory rape was ordered by a judge to pay child support after the woman became pregnant (see Hermesmann v.
Trauma recovery counselor Stephanie Baird says men who experience sexual attention as children often explain it to themselves as "I'm a stud, I got laid by ...".
[30] Carpenter (2009, citing Mezey, 1987)[36] finds that the "male coping strategy characterized by denial and control renders them more prone to later psychiatric problems and reduces the likelihood of seeking help".
Henry Leak, the chairman of the Survivors organization, stated that rape of males, as with females, has more to do with power than sexuality, and does not only happen inside the homosexual community.
[39] Rape of males during wartime has been reported as prevalent in some parts of the world, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, which suffered a civil war in 1997.
The symptoms and injuries most frequently noted are tension headaches, ulcers, nausea, colitis, abrasions to the throat, black eyes and broken bones.
It has been linked to the under-reporting of rape and post-rape trauma; male victims are also susceptible to post-traumatic stress disorder.
[50] Compared to men who have not been sexually assaulted, men who were sexually assaulted before age 18 have a greater risk of having mental health problems, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression; alcoholism and drug abuse; suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts; problems in intimate relationships; and underachievement at school and at work.
[58] Sexual assault victims need extensive emotional and psychological healing after the rape, but male survivors are not likely to speak out their cases.
[10] Incidents of sexual violence in US are severely underreported, especially among male victims, that lead to an assumption that the actual number is likely higher.
[30] Stephanie Baird, a trauma recovery counselor, cited the "hot-for-teacher or babysitter complex" that is a popular motif in modern American culture.
[62] However, National Academy of Educational Research Secretary-General Kuo Kung-pin stated that the video has achieved its purpose to get attention from the youth to remind them that men can be raped as well.
For this reason, some activists and research organizations, including Jai Vipra at the New Delhi think-tank Centre for Civil Society, argue that the phrasing of rape laws should be gender-neutral.
Mumbai-based human rights lawyer Flavia Agnes told the India Times, "I oppose proposal [sic] to make rape laws gender-neutral.
International human rights lawyer and activist Vrinda Grover was quoted in the same article: "There are no instances of women raping men.
In September 2013, 27 NGOs called for the law to give equal protection to boys below 18 years old in cases of sexual offences.
Explanation: Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offense described in this section.This section penalizes both consensual and forced sodomy[clarification needed] with 10 years minimum to life imprisonment.
But strong objections were raised by feminist groups that made the Indian government decided to restore the term "rape" and state that only men can be the rapists of women.
[76] The commentary on paragraph 285 by R. Soesilo stated that the law makers didn't need to determine the punishment for a female perpetrator that forced males to have intercourse with her.
A convicted rapist (of a female) could be imprisoned for life, stated Henry Leak, the chairman of Survivors organization, while buggery only carried 10 years maximum as a sentence.
