In gynecology, a rectocele (/ˈrɛktəsiːl/ REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges (herniates) into the vagina.

Mild cases may simply produce a sense of pressure or protrusion within the vagina, and the occasional feeling that the rectum has not been completely emptied after a bowel movement.

Digital evacuation, or, manual pushing, on the posterior wall of the vagina helps to aid in bowel movement in a majority of cases of rectocele.

In addition, a history of chronic constipation and excessive straining with bowel movements are thought to play a role in rectocele.

[medical citation needed] The diagnosis of a rectocele primarily occurs with a physical examination and an interview where symptoms of difficulty defecating are reported.

[8][9] Surgery can be done to correct rectocele when symptoms continue despite the use of non-surgical management, and are significant enough to interfere with activities of daily living.

[8] There are also surgical techniques directed at repairing or strengthening the rectovaginal septum, rather than simple excision or plication of vaginal skin which provides no support.